1862: Simple wound would receive morphine and bandages. If the bullet was still in the wound (not unlikely, because it would have been a relatively low-speed minie ball) the surgeon might well elect not to remove it. Eventually the wound would heal around it and you would recover, unless infection set in. This was the major worry for any wound. The medical care you received would be in a hospital, with trained doctors, and was quite well organized, although the North was better supplied than the South. A lot of attention was given to ensuring the wounded were well fed and comfortable. Your chances of survival were pretty good. Complex wound: Odds are you would not leave the battlefield alive. There was little concept of battlefield medics. Stretcher bearers simply loaded the wounded onto stretchers and tossed them onto wagons to be taken a mile or so to the nearest aid station. However, some men with amazingly severe wounds managed to recover. Medal of Honor winner Joshua Chamberlain, for example, was wounded six times, including being shot through the hip and groin. So, a complex wound of the thigh would almost certainly be treated with an amputation and "hope for the best". The mortality rate would have been high, although it's difficult to pin down an exact percentage.
1917: Simple wound: Not much different than the Civil War. Blood loss, however, could be treated with a transfusion, as blood typing had been discovered. Also, the replacement of fluids by means of an IV infusion, or even subcutanous and intraosseous (into the bone) was not uncommon. Survival/recover chances would increase as a result of this, but not by a huge margin. Infection was still the major issue. Complex wound: The advent of more modern surgical techniques, along with the above mentioned blood transfusion therapy, meant that surgeons were able to undertake more complex repairs. Anesthesia had progressed somewhat, although even during the Civil War, chloroform anesthesia was used. Along with better battlefield care (medics trained to apply tournequets, motorized ambulances), this meant that your chances of survival had doubled or even tripled, and the chances of saving the leg were significantly greater also. One disadvantage compared to the Civil War is that the bullets were either .30-06 or 8mm Mauser. Velocities were much higher with smokeless gunpowder, and thus the energy delivered and the damage were greater. Infection was still a serious threat, and once it set in there was little they could do. What was an improvement was that sterile technique and antiseptics had been invented, reducing the chance of infecting a wound by treating it surgically.
1944: Simple wound: Morphine and a bandage and some sulpha powder. You had a very high chance of survival and complete recover. Complex wound: Your chances of making it off the battlefield increase dramatically. The medics would be able to apply a tournequet, administer morphine, and start an IV for treatment of shock due to blood loss. Modern medicine was coming into its own, and the first antibiotics were available. Your chances of survival were probably a good 5 times better than during WWI. There are exact numbers for survival rates in the literature, but since they don't generally refer to specific wounds, I'm giving an educated guesstimate on that. Amputation would still be a risk, but less so as surgical techniques had improved considerably. The bullets and wounds were virtually unchanged since WWI.
1968: Simple wound: Morphine and a bandage and a shot of penicillian. Your chances of survival/recovery were slightly increased over WW2, mainly due to better antibiotics. Complex wound: Your chances of survival were better, but mainly due to the advent of helicopter evacuation and improved surgical care. Your chances of a full recovery and use of the leg were much better, due to the improvements in orthopedic and vascular surgery. Amputation would be unlikely, and probably only as a last resort.
1991: Simple wound: Morphine, bandage, and a potent broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic.
Complex wound: Very unlikely that you would die from the wound. Modern medicine has progressed to the point that if you don't die in the first few minutes, your chances of survival are staggeringly high. Microsurgical vascular repair, orthopedic fixation, and an extremely well-developed medical evacuation system that can have wounded soldiers in an advanced hospital in under 24 hours means that only the most massive injurties (like a .50 caliber or 20mm round destroying the whole thigh) will result in amputation or serious disability. However, the bullets fired in warfare have changed somewhat. Although chances are good you were hit by a 7.62mm AK round, the advent of 5.56 and 5.45mm rounds means that wounds are somewhat different. In some cases, the wound will be smaller, but in some, the bullet will tumble and actually be much worse than a WWI era .30-06 round.
Complex wound: Very unlikely that you would die from the wound. Modern medicine has progressed to the point that if you don't die in the first few minutes, your chances of survival are staggeringly high. Microsurgical vascular repair, orthopedic fixation, and an extremely well-developed medical evacuation system that can have wounded soldiers in an advanced hospital in under 24 hours means that only the most massive injurties (like a .50 caliber or 20mm round destroying the whole thigh) will result in amputation or serious disability. However, the bullets fired in warfare have changed somewhat. Although chances are good you were hit by a 7.62mm AK round, the advent of 5.56 and 5.45mm rounds means that wounds are somewhat different. In some cases, the wound will be smaller, but in some, the bullet will tumble and actually be much worse than a WWI era .30-06 round.
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